{"id":1590,"date":"2018-02-09T11:04:54","date_gmt":"2018-02-09T16:04:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.helleniclink.org\/?p=1590"},"modified":"2018-07-18T22:07:29","modified_gmt":"2018-07-19T03:07:29","slug":"bulletin-155","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helleniclink.org\/?p=1590","title":{"rendered":"Bulletin # 155"},"content":{"rendered":"

THE HELLENIC LINK, Inc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\"Untitled-1\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0395\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd, \u03a6\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Member<\/strong>\u00a0Update<\/strong>–\u00a0<\/strong>Bulletin<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Editorial Committee:\u00a0<\/u><\/strong>Achilleas Adamantiades, Dimitri Dandolos<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Alex Economides,<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gerasimos Merianos, Maria Eleftheria Giatrakou,<\/strong>\u00a0Panagiotis Siskos, Stella Tsirka;<\/strong><\/p>\n

Associate Editor: Dean C. Lomis<\/strong>, Acting Editor: Costas Efthymiou\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Bulletin 155 \u00a0February 2018 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

————————————————————————————————–<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u0391\u039d\u0391\u03a6\u039f\u03a1\u0391 \u03a3\u03a4\u0397\u039d \u0392\u0395\u03a1\u0393\u0399\u039d\u0391!<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

The renowned Professor Emeritus of Archaeology at Berkley, Stephen G. Miller, in his monumental letter to the Archaeology\u00a0Magazine \u00a0reprinted\u00a0below, uncovers usurpers of historical truth, and with unshakeable reasoning and documentary evidence, methodically devastates Skopje\u2019s claimed right to be called Macedonians. Prof. Miller\u2019s letter was written in reply to the provocative article of Reporter Matthew Brunwasser, \u201cLetter from Macedonia: Owning Alexander,\u201d supporting Skopje\u2019s position. \u00a0With his letter, Professor Miller overturned completely the fundamental idea pushed by Skopje that their country- the ancient Pelagonia \u2013 was part of Macedonia,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0CJE<\/span><\/p>\n

January 22, 2009<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Editor, Archaeology Magazine<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>36-36 33rd Street,<\/span>\u00a0Long Island\u00a0City ,\u00a0NY 11106, \u00a0U.S.A.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Dear Sir,<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>I opened the January\/February issue of Archaeology today and eagerly turned to “A Letter from Macedonia” only to discover that it was actually a letter from ancient Paionia – the land north of Mt. Barmous and Mt. Orbelos. Livy’s account of the creation of the Roman province of Macedonia (45.29.7 and 12) makes clear that the Paionians lived north of those mountains (which form today the geographically natural northern limits of Greece) and south of the Dardanians who were in today’s Kosovo. Strabo (7. frag 4) is even more succinct in saying that Paionia was north of Macedonia and the only connection from one to the other was (and is today) through the narrow gorge of the Axios (or Vardar) River. In other words, the land which is described by Matthew Brunwasser in his “Owning Alexander” was Paionia in antiquity.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>While it is true that those people were subdued by Philip II, father of Alexander, in 359 B.C. (Diodorus Siculus 16.4.2), they were never Macedonians and never lived in Macedonia. Indeed, Demosthenes (Olynthian 1.23) tells us that they were “enslaved” by the Macedonian Philip and clearly, therefore, not Macedonians. Isokrates (5.23) makes the same point. Likewise, for example, the Egyptians who were subdued by Alexander may have been ruled by Macedonians, including the famous Cleopatra, but they were never Macedonians themselves, and Egypt was never called Macedonia (and so far as I can tell does not seek that name today).<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Certainly, as Thucydides (2.99) tells us, the Macedonians had taken over “a narrow strip of Paionia extending along the Axios river from the interior to Pella and the sea<\/span>.<\/span>” One might\u00a0therefore\u00a0understand if the people in the modern republic centered at Skopje called themselves Paionians and claimed as theirs the land described by Thucydides.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>But why, instead, would the modern people of ancient Paionia try to call themselves Macedonians and their land Macedonia? Mr. Brunwasser (p. 55) touches on the Greek claims “that it implies ambitions over Greek territory” and he notes that “the northern province of Greece is also called Macedonia.” Leaving aside the fact that the area of that northern province of modern Greece has been called Macedonia for more than 2,500 years (see, inter\u00a0alios, Herodotus 5.17; 7.128, et alibi), more recent history shows that the Greek concerns are legitimate. For example, a map produced in Skopje in 1992 (Figure 1) shows clearly the claim that Macedonia extends from there to Mt. Olympus in the south; that is, combining the ancient regions of Paionia and Macedonia into a single entity. The same claim is explicit on a pseudo-bank note of the Republic of Macedonia which shows, as one of its monuments, the White Tower of\u00a0Thessalonike, in Greece (Figure 2). There are many more examples of calendars, Christmas cards, bumper-stickers, etc., that all make the same claim.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Further, Mr. Brunwasser has reported with approval (International Herald Tribune 10\/1\/08) the work of the “Macedonian Institute for Strategic Research 16:9<\/span>,<\/span>” the name of which refers “to Acts 16:9, a verse in the New Testament in which a Macedonian man appears to the Apostle Paul begging him: ‘Come over into Macedonia, and help us.'” But where did Paul go in Macedonia? Neapolis (Kavala), Philippi, Amphipolis, Apollonia, Thessaloniki, and Veroia (Acts 16:11-17:10) all of which are in\u00a0the historic\u00a0Macedonia, none in Paionia. What claim is being made by an Institute based in Skopje that names itself for a trip through what was Macedonia in antiquity and what is the northern province of Greece today?<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>I wonder what we would conclude if a certain large island off the southeast coast of the United States started to call itself Florida, and emblazoned its currency with images of Disney World and distributed maps showing the Greater Florida.\u00a0<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Certainly\u00a0there was no doubt of the underlying point of “Macedonia” in the mind of U.S. Secretary of State Edward Stettinius on December 26, 1944, when he wrote:\u00a0<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>“The Department [of State] has noted with considerable apprehension increasing propaganda rumors and semi-official statements in favor of an autonomous Macedonia, emanating principally from Bulgaria, but also from Yugoslav Partisan and other sources, with the implication that Greek territory would be included in the projected state. This government considers talk of Macedonian “nation”, Macedonian “Fatherland”, or Macedonian “national consciousness” to be unjustified demagoguery representing no ethnic nor political reality, and sees in its present revival a possible cloak for aggressive intentions against Greece.”<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>[Source: U.S. State Department, Foreign Relations vol viii, Washington, D.C., Circular Airgram (868.014\/26Dec1944)]<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Mr. Brunwasser (a resident of Bulgaria), however, goes on to state, with apparent\u00a0distain, that Greece claims “Alexander III of Macedon (Alexander the Great) . . . as Greek.”<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>This attitude mystifies me. What is there to “claim”? Alexander’s great-great-great grandfather, Alexander I, was certified as Greek at Olympia and, in the words of the father of history “I happen to know that [the forefathers of Alexander] are Greek” (Herodotus 5.22). Alexander’s father, Philip, won several equestrian victories at Olympia and Delphi (Plutarch, Alexander 4.9; Moralia 105A), the two most Hellenic of all the sanctuaries in ancient Greece where non-Greeks were not allowed to compete. If Philip was Greek, wasn’t his son also Greek?<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>When Euripides – who died and was buried in Macedonia (Thucydides apud Pal. Anth. 7.45; Pausanias 1.2.2; Diodorus Siculus 13.103) – wrote his play Archelaos in honor of the great-uncle of Alexander, did he write it in Slavic? When he wrote the Bacchai while at the court of\u00a0Archelaos\u00a0did he not write it in Greek even as it has survived to us? Or should we imagine that Euripides was a “Macedonian” who wrote in Slavic (at a date when that language is not attested) which was translated into Greek?<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>What was the language of instruction when Aristotle taught Alexander? What language was carried by Alexander with him on his expedition to the East? Why do we have ancient inscriptions in Greek in settlements established by Alexander as far away as Afghanistan, and none in Slavic? Why did Greek become the lingua franca in Alexander’s empire if he was actually a “Macedonian”? Why was the New Testament written in Greek rather than Slavic?<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>On page 57 of the so-called “Letter from\u00a0Macedonia” there is a photograph of the author standing “before a bronze statue of Alexander the Great in the city of Prilep.” The statue is patently modern, but the question is whether the real historic Alexander could have read the Slavic inscription beneath his feet. Given the known historic posterity of Slavic to Greek, the answer is obvious.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>While Mr. Brunwasser’s reporting of the archaeological work in Paionia is welcome, his adoption and promotion of the modern political stance of its people about the use of the name Macedonia\u00a0is\u00a0not only unwelcome, it is a disservice to the readers of Archaeology who are, I imagine, interested in\u00a0historic\u00a0fact. But then, the decision to propagate this historical nonsense by Archaeology – a publication of the Archaeological Institute of America – is a disservice to its own reputation.\u00a0<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Let it be said once more: the region of ancient Paionia was a part of the Macedonian empire. So were Ephesos and Tyre and Palestine and Memphis and Babylon and Taxila and dozens more. They may thus have become “Macedonian” temporarily, but none was ever “Macedonia”.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Allow me to end this exegesis by making a suggestion to resolve the question of the modern use of the name “Macedonia.” Greece should annex Paionia – that is what Philip II did in 359 B.C. And that would appear to be acceptable to the modern residents of that area since they claim to be Greek by appropriating the name Macedonia and its most famous man. Then the modern people of this new Greek province could work on learning to speak and read and write Greek, hopefully even as well as Alexander did.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Sincerely,<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Stephen G. Miller<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Professor Emeritus, University of California,\u00a0<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Berkeley<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>PS: For\u00a0a more complete\u00a0examination of the ancient evidence regarding Paionia, see I. L. Merker, “The Ancient Kingdom of Paionia,” Balkan Studies 6 (1965) 35-54<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>cc: C. Brian Rose, President, Archaeological Institute of America<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Hillary Rodham Clinton, Secretary of State of the United States of America<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Dora Bakoyiannis, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Antonis Samaras, Minister of Culture of Greece<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Olli Rehn, European Commissioner for Enlargement<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Erik Meijer, Member, European Parliament<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

————————————————————————————————————–<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

THE HISTORICAL SOLUTION TO THE FYROM\/MACEDONIA DILEMMA<\/span><\/h1>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Dean C.\u00a0Lomis, Ph.D. *<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0A 1939 Yugoslavia postage stamp titled: \u201cJugoslavija\u201d (I.E., \u201cland of the southern<\/span><\/p>\n

Slavs\u201d), depicts the eight provinces of the then-Federation: Dravska, the northwest region<\/span><\/p>\n

fed by the Drava, an important tributary of the Danube River; Hrvatska; Vrbaska;<\/span><\/p>\n

Drinska, the western region fed by the White Drin tributary emanating from the River<\/span><\/p>\n

Drin\u00a0in Albania; Dunavska, the eastern region fed by the Danube River; Hcravska;<\/span><\/p>\n

Zetsca; and, Vardarska, the southernmost region crossed by the Vardar River.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The Yugoslavia Federation was established after World War I — originally as the<\/span><\/p>\n

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats\u00a0and\u00a0Slovenians, known as \u201cKraljevina Srba, Hrvata I<\/span><\/p>\n

Slovenaka.\u201d \u00a0If a \u201cMacedonian\u201d nation had existed, it would have been the Kingdom<\/span><\/p>\n

of Serbs, Croats, Slovenians\u00a0and\u00a0Macedonians. \u00a0However, no such nation existed.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Kingdom was dissolved in 1941 at the German invasion. \u00a0If, therefore, World War II<\/span><\/p>\n

had not occurred, or if after the War the Communist Party had not ruled, there would not<\/span><\/p>\n

be a \u201cMacedonia\u201d issue today.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The border between Greece and Serbia was defined in 1913 on the basis of\u00a0the<\/span><\/p>\n

advances\u00a0of the armies of the two nations during the 1912-1913 Balkan wars. \u00a0The<\/span><\/p>\n

border between Greece and Bulgaria was defined at the treaty of Bucharest, and\u00a0the<\/span><\/p>\n

border\u00a0with Albania by the treaty of London. \u00a0Since then, the borders of the four nations<\/span><\/p>\n

had remained the same. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Be it as it may, the land of \u201cMacedonia\u201d was part-and-parcel of the ancient<\/span><\/p>\n

Greek\u00a0system of city-states. \u00a0The inhabitants of Macedonia identified themselves as<\/span><\/p>\n

Greeks,\u00a0believed in the same gods, shared the same cultural and athletic activities,\u00a0and<\/span><\/p>\n

spoke\u00a0the same language: Greek. \u00a0It is also of major significance that the ancient\u00a0Greeks<\/span><\/p>\n

had\u00a0placed the habitat of their gods on Mount Olympus in Macedonia. \u00a0It would\u00a0have<\/span><\/p>\n

been\u00a0totally inconceivable for the Greeks to have placed the habitat of their gods in a<\/span><\/p>\n

non-Greek, \u201cbarbarian\u201d territory.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Above the land of the ancient Greeks of Macedonia were the lands of the ancient<\/span><\/p>\n

Dardanians.: Dardania. \u00a0It was in Dardania that the Slavs descended into the Balkans<\/span><\/p>\n

and from Dardania to the lower Balkans, in Macedonia, in the 6th Century, A.D. \u00a0For<\/span><\/p>\n

three\u00a0centuries, the Slavs spoke their Slavic tongue \u2013 not language, which had no<\/span><\/p>\n

written or reading form. \u00a0It was not until the 9th Century that two Greek brothers,\u00a0Cyril<\/span><\/p>\n

and\u00a0Methodius, both of whom were monks, illuminated them on Orthodox\u00a0Christianity<\/span><\/p>\n

and\u00a0grammatically taught them their own Slavic language. Cyril is credited\u00a0with<\/span><\/p>\n

inventing\u00a0the Cyrillic alphabet \u2013 a modified version of Greek to accommodate some\u00a0of<\/span><\/p>\n

the\u00a0particular non-Greek sounds — \u00a0thereby providing for them the tool to learn to\u00a0read<\/span><\/p>\n

and\u00a0write their own tongue. \u00a0Accordingly, therefore, the Slavs cannot and do not\u00a0have<\/span><\/p>\n

any\u00a0historical connection with Macedonia before the 6th Century, nor any political\u00a0bond<\/span><\/p>\n

prior\u00a0to the 9th Century. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Unless we accept the absurd notions of the late Turkish Prime Minister and President,<\/span><\/p>\n

Turgut Ozal {who, in his book:\u00a0<\/span>Turkey in Europe<\/span>, asserts that Homer as well as Aristotle<\/span><\/p>\n

were Turks), the Macedonians, like all\u00a0Greeks\u00a0had their own regional identification and<\/span><\/p>\n

leaders: Pericles the Attican, Epaminondas, the Boeotian, Homer the Chian, \u00a0Pyrrhus \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

the Epirote, Leonidas the Lacaedemonian, Philip and Alexander the Macedonians, and so<\/span><\/p>\n

on, including in later times Domini(os) Theotokopoulos the Cretan who signed his great<\/span><\/p>\n

art as \u201cEl Greco.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The \u201cMacedonia question\u201d became an issue in late 1944, and a turbulent controversy<\/span><\/p>\n

after the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. \u00a0In 1944, with the predominance of<\/span><\/p>\n

the Communist Party in then-Yugoslavia, Marshall Tito, for reasons of geopolitical<\/span><\/p>\n

expediency for territorial expansion southward toward a warm water port in the<\/span><\/p>\n

Mediterranean, arbitrarily renamed the area officially until then \u201cVardarska\u201d \u2013 as shown<\/span><\/p>\n

on the 1939 Yugoslav postage stamp \u2013 but also known as South Serbia, to the \u201cSocialist<\/span><\/p>\n

Yugoslav\u00a0Republic of Macedonia\u201d and its inhabitants \u201cMacedonians.\u201d \u00a0Tito\u2019s action was<\/span><\/p>\n

a consequence of the 1921 Moscow resolve by the \u201cComintern\u201d (the Communist<\/span><\/p>\n

International) and the Balkan communist parties to pursue autonomy for\u00a0the Macedonia<\/span><\/p>\n

region\u00a0in order to eventually include the most strategic territory into the Communist<\/span><\/p>\n

camp.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Tito\u2019s pronouncement of a \u201cMacedonian nation\u201d on December 26,\u00a01944\u00a0was swiftly<\/span><\/p>\n

denounced by the United States. \u00a0Then-U.S. Secretary of State Edward Stettinius<\/span><\/p>\n

dispatched immediately \u201cCircular Airgram (868.014)\u201d determining America\u2019s foreign<\/span><\/p>\n

policy in opposition to Tito\u2019s reprehensible action:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cThe Department has noted with considerable apprehension<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0increasing propaganda rumors and semi-official statements<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0in favor of an autonomous Macedonia, emanating principally<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0from Bulgaria, but also from Yugoslavia Partisan and other<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0sources, with the implication that Greek territory would be<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0included in the projected state. \u00a0This Government considers<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0talk of Macedonian \u2018nation,\u2019 Macedonian \u2018Fatherland,\u2019 or<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Macedonian \u2018national consciousness\u2019 to be unjustified<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0demagoguery representing no ethnic or political reality,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0and see in its present revival a possible cloak of aggressive<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0action against Greece,\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

to which the then-Soviet Union\u2019s arch-Communist, Joseph Stalin, boasted in 1946:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThey do not have Macedonian consciousness, but they will.\u201d \u00a0However, the statement<\/span><\/p>\n

by former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger suffices to acknowledge once more<\/span><\/p>\n

what the Pontus-born, Roman-era historian and geographer, Strabo, wrote: \u201cMacedonia,<\/span><\/p>\n

therefore, is Greece.\u201d \u00a0Dr. Kissinger declared in Paris in 1992:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201c I believe that Greece is right to object and I agree with Athens.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The reason is I know history, which is not the case with most<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0others, including most of the Government and Administration<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0in Washington.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In the final analysis, therefore, U.S. recognition of a state with the pseudonym<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMacedonia\u201d would be tantamount to a Communist victory after the end of the Cold<\/span><\/p>\n

War, on an issue that our nation opposed them during the Cold War.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Upon the dissolution of Yugoslavia following the fall of Communism in the early<\/span><\/p>\n

1990s, the remnant leaders of Tito\u2019s \u201cSocialist Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

dropped the \u201cSocialist Yugoslav\u201d for the obvious reasons and announced their breakaway<\/span><\/p>\n

state \u201cThe Republic of Macedonia.\u201d \u00a0Immediately, they announced that the portions of \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

the Macedonian region within Greece, Bulgaria\u00a0and\u00a0Albania were under foreign<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201coccupation\u201d; \u00a0printed the famous \u201cWhite Tower\u201d of Thessaloniki in Greece on their<\/span><\/p>\n

monetary notes; named the city of Thessaloniki (which they call \u201cSolun\u201d) as their<\/span><\/p>\n

nation\u2019s \u201ccapital\u201d under Greek occupation; printed schoolbooks and started teaching\u00a0their<\/span><\/p>\n

children that Macedonia outside its current borders is under foreign occupation; depicted<\/span><\/p>\n

the \u201cSun of Vergina,\u201d discovered during excavations of King Philip\u2019s tomb in the late<\/span><\/p>\n

1970s, as the symbol for their \u201cnational\u201d flag; and, among myriad other usurpations,<\/span><\/p>\n

pronounced Alexander the Great their historical ancestor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Lack of national identity for the Slavs of \u201cFYROM\u201d does not justify their desire to<\/span><\/p>\n

develop one by usurping someone else\u2019s. \u00a0In addition, aside from the fact that they,<\/span><\/p>\n

themselves, are not \u201cMacedonians,\u201d the large Albanian and Bulgarian \u00a0minorities also<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

do not wish to be identified as such, for they know they are not. \u00a0The Albanian minority<\/span><\/p>\n

comprises about 1\/3rd of FYROM\u2019s population, and the Bulgarian minority about 1\/4th.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some 250,000 of the Bulgarian minority recently applied for Bulgarian passports,<\/span><\/p>\n

desiring to be identified as Bulgarians, since Bulgaria is on the road to membership in the<\/span><\/p>\n

European Union, which FYROM is not primarily due to its falsified name.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0FYROM\u2019s total area of only 13,578 square miles (146 miles east-to-west and 93 miles<\/span><\/p>\n

north-to-south) comprises a strip which is a mere 20 miles wide north-to-south from the<\/span><\/p>\n

Greek border, and just 1\/5th of its total territory. \u00a0FYROM\u2019s remaining 4\/5ths\u00a0is<\/span><\/p>\n

located\u00a0outside the Macedonian region, including its capital, Skopje.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0Historical backgrounds and ethnic identities indicate clearly that FYROM in its<\/span><\/p>\n

entirety cannot be accepted as \u201cMacedonia.\u201d \u00a0That its southern 1\/5th portion of 20\u00a0miles<\/span><\/p>\n

wide\u00a0be called its \u201cMacedonia Province,\u201d similarly to the one in Greece, would be\u00a0proper<\/span><\/p>\n

and\u00a0should not only be\u00a0acceptable,\u00a0but also a very fair compromise.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The solution of the FYROM\/Macedonia dilemma is for the portions of the 7 southern<\/span><\/p>\n

counties (of the country\u2019s 28 total) which fall within the area of\u00a0the Macedonia<\/span><\/p>\n

region (I.E., Resen, Bitola, Prilep, Kavadarci, Negotino, Gevgelija, and Strumica)<\/span><\/p>\n

to comprise the nation\u2019s \u201cMacedonia Province.\u201d \u00a0The remaining areas can also have<\/span><\/p>\n

their own \u201cprovince\u201d identification, in existence today as in the past: \u201cPlanina\u201d to the<\/span><\/p>\n

west, where the majority of the population is ethnic Albanian and borders with<\/span><\/p>\n

Albania; \u201cPlackovica\u201d to the east, where the majority of the population is ethnic<\/span><\/p>\n

Bulgarian and borders with Bulgaria; and \u201cJakupica,\u201d the central and northern portion,<\/span><\/p>\n

to include the nation\u2019s capital, Skopje, which is inhabited by Slavs, perhaps<\/span><\/p>\n

even almost entirely by Serbs. \u00a0Thus, the \u201cMacedonia Province\u201d will contain mostly the<\/span><\/p>\n

so-called \u201cSlavomacedonians.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The official name of the country, with its four provinces and twenty-eight counties,<\/span><\/p>\n

can then be called by its true identity: \u201cVardarska,\u201d as applied officially before World<\/span><\/p>\n

War II, or \u201cDardania,\u201d if the inhabitants of the entity wish to identify themselves\u00a0with<\/span><\/p>\n

some\u00a0historical past. \u00a0Certainly, they should be able to discover some Dardanian<\/span><\/p>\n

historical t<\/span><\/p>\n

past in the 4\/5ths of the land where the ancient Dardanians lived, rather than<\/span><\/p>\n

attempting to usurp Macedonia\u2019s Greek identity of more than five millennia.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Resolving the \u201cname issue\u201d with proper identification would also have many<\/span><\/p>\n

immediate and long-term benefits for the Balkan Peninsula; the Mediterranean Region;<\/span><\/p>\n

the European Continent; and for the world at large.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0For the Greeks, it will eliminate their current concern that FYROM is attempting<\/span><\/p>\n

to usurp a significant part of their Hellenic national identity, and that no longer will a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cVardarska\u201d or a \u201cDardania\u201d be seeking to expand its borders by absorbing the remainder<\/span><\/p>\n

of the Macedonia region, as they currently advocate and teach in their schools. \u00a0The many<\/span><\/p>\n

and enormous global problems that the world is facing today due to extremist teachings<\/span><\/p>\n

of the Koran by Islamist \u201cfundamentalists\u201d (a misnomer rather than \u201cfanatic extremists\u201d),<\/span><\/p>\n

are serious enough to require understanding and cooperation to prevent future conflicts.<\/span><\/p>\n

Continuing to teach \u201cThe Falsification of Macedonian History\u201d (a most apropos<\/span><\/p>\n

book title by the late former Governor of the Macedonia Province in Greece,<\/span><\/p>\n

Nikolaos Martis), will create a tumultuous \u201cBalkan\u201d problem in the decades to come,<\/span><\/p>\n

similar to the racial tensions faced by Europeans in general and the French in<\/span><\/p>\n

particular today. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Kosovo, with its twin\u00a0ethno-religious\u00a0problem of Albanian Moslem versus<\/span><\/p>\n

Serbian Christian animosity, and the unsettled Bosnian triangle of Croatian Christians<\/span><\/p>\n

versus Serbian Christians versus \u201cBosnian\u201d Moslems and also Croatian Catholic versus<\/span><\/p>\n

Serbian Orthodox are dangerous enough, not to mention FYROM\u2019s own Albanian<\/span><\/p>\n

Moslem versus Slavic Christian differences. \u00a0Solving the problem now, therefore, will<\/span><\/p>\n

ensure order and peace for Skopje\u2019s future.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0For the people of present-day FYROM, a name consistent with their own true<\/span><\/p>\n

identity \u2013 not someone else\u2019s \u2013 will, at least eventually, develop a genuine national<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cconsciousness,\u201d thereby giving some credibility to their then-idol Joseph Stalin\u2019s<\/span><\/p>\n

statement. \u00a0Moreover, once it has its proper name, the country will have a \u201ctrue\u201d identity<\/span><\/p>\n

in the United Nations; enjoy the total support of Greece for membership to both NATO<\/span><\/p>\n

and the European Union; and have Greece\u2019s unlimited promotion for\u00a0security\u00a0of its<\/span><\/p>\n

borders, and of its territorial integrity, against any potential aggressors, or even internal<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

turmoil\u00a0it\u00a0may not be able to contain itself. \u00a0And, with proper name identification leading<\/span><\/p>\n

to good relations with its neighbors, especially under the protection of considerably<\/span><\/p>\n

powerful Greece, its people will begin to develop a solid economic infrastructure away<\/span><\/p>\n

from the chrysalis of Communism, and prosper.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0It is therefore of immense and utmost importance that the world\u2019s powers, especially<\/span><\/p>\n

the industrialized societies of Europe and America, (not to mention their own national<\/span><\/p>\n

interests), instruct, convince and lead present-day FYROM to adhere to international law<\/span><\/p>\n

by which it was \u201cprovisionally\u201d admitted into the United Nations under the \u201ctemporary\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

name of FYROM, until a suitable name \u201cin agreement with Greece\u201d would be found.<\/span><\/p>\n

After more than a decade of intransigence, it is ultimately in FYROM\u2019s best national<\/span><\/p>\n

interests to compromise in line with the stipulations it accepted to become a provisional<\/span><\/p>\n

U.N. member.<\/span><\/p>\n

* Dean Lomis is Professor Emeritus of International Education, University of Delaware, and a Member of the Board of Directors of the Hellenic Link, Inc.<\/span><\/p>\n

——————————————————————————————————————-<\/span><\/p>\n

Further dissection of the pseudo claims of Skopje against northern regions of Greece reveals projection by them of a fictitious size for their territory, falsely labeled Macedonia. In the following\u00a0article\u00a0Ioannis Bougas sheds light on the nuances of this particular Skopian\u00a0trick .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>CJE<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf 51.5% \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00bb \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 19\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03a1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b3\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03a3\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u00ab\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u039f \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u0393\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 Ami Boue (1847). \u03a3\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03bf \u0392\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 Basil Kantsof (1900), \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1940 \u03b7 \u039a\u039f\u039c\u0399\u039d\u03a4\u0395\u03a1\u039d \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a4\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf \u00ab\u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u00bb, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1…\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0394\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u0393\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u00ab\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba. \u039d\u03c4\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1 \u039c\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u0391. \u0397\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7, \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1). \u0395\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u00bb \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 51.5% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u0395\u03c5\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03c9\u03c6\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u039a\u039f \u0395\u039b\u0399\u0391\u039c\u0395\u03a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 85% \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ae \u0391\u03c7\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1-\u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9- \u039a\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf, \u03ba\u03bb\u03c0. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 (Macedonia Prima) \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a6\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 (Macedonia Secunda) \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03bb\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u0393\u0394\u039c, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>Editor\u2019s note<\/span>: definitive clarification of this point is also given in the letter of Prof. Miller to \u201cArchaeology\u201d, reprinted above).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03a3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03cc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0———————————————————————————————–\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0The tenacious attachment of Greece\u2019s northern neighbors to\u00a0theit\u00a0irrendentist\u00a0vision has led to intense diplomatic activity lately. Unable to make progress in their expansionist scheme on their own, they have resorted to grounding their hopes on the leverage of foreign powers which have strong geopolitical interests in the Balkans. As is known, the Macedonian dispute has become the central issue of protracted negotiations involving, in addition to the opposing parties, the United Nations\u00a0and\u00a0other governments. The Greek people sensing the pressure exerted from the outside have been alarmed and risen to vociferous opposition against any unjust concession that would compromise their legitimate historical rights and possibly suffer in time encroachment on their national sovereignty. In two recent\u00a0massve\u00a0rallies, one in Thessaloniki (January 21, 2018), the second in Athens (February 4, 2018), Hellenes from every corner of the country warned their government not to yield under pressure, wherever the latter originates.<\/span><\/h2>\n

In the following article, a participant of the rally in Athens describes the mood of the crowds and the nature of their demands for dignified settlement in the ongoing negotiations. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0CJE<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03c2, \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1: \u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1<\/span><\/p>\n

FEBRUARY 5, 2018<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7 \u0393. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03b7*<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03c9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf. \u03a7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c9\u03c2 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0392\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 12 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03c9 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc. \u0397 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c6\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 12 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9, \u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u0386\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2, \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac. \u038c\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bf \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b9\u03c9\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c8\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf \u03b4\u03af\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ac, \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b2\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u0391\u03a4 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0397\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c4\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 4 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u0391\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b4\u03c5\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf, \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2, \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bc\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc. \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf \u03bd\u03c5\u03bd \u03a0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9; \u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7. \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ac \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0397 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc, \u03b2\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03af\u03ba\u03b7 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03af\u03ba\u03b7 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u0395\u03af\u03c0\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b6\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b3\u03bd\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7 \u039c\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03c4\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ad\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd. \u038a\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1. \u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c7\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c6\u03c4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9. \u03a0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ac\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03b2\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf. \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c4\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u039a\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u0388\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25aa\u00a0<\/span>\u039f \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 The Paul H. Nitze, School of Advanced International Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 The International Institute of Strategic Studies.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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