SCIENCE AND VALUES, Lecture by Dr. Loucas Christophorou, Member of the Academy of Athens

Date:5/23/05

(??ad?µ?a ??????, ??µ?s?a S??ed??a, ???t?, 19 ?p?????? 2005, ??a 20:00)

?????? G. ???st?f???? ??ad?µa????

????e ???ed?e t?? ??ad?µ?a? ??????, ????e? ?a? ?????? s???de?f??, ????e? ?a? ??????

???e?

??ste???µe ?t? st?? s?µe???? ??sµ? st?? ?p??? s?µßa????? t?s? d?aµat??? ?e????ta, ?p???e? ??s? ??a a??e?. ??ste???µe, a??µ?, ?t? ? a?t????? p?? ??e? ? ?????p?? ??a t?? ea?t? t??, ?a?????e?, e? p??????, t?? e????a p?? ??e? d?aµ??f?se? ??a t? s???????p? t??, ?a? ?t? ? e????a a?t?, µe t? se??? t??, p??sd?????e? t?? p???t?ta t?? a???? t??. ??ste???µe, ep? p????, ?t? ? ?d?a t?? a????p?? ??a t? f?s? ?a? t? ??s? t?? s’ a?t? ep??e??e? t?? ?p??? t?? ??a t? t? s???st? t? ???µa t?? ???? ?a? ?a?????e? t?? p??te?a??t?te? p?? p??sd?de? st?? a??e?.

?? a??e?, ?p?? ????????µe, e??a? ?eµe???de?? s??det???? a???? ?a? ßas??? ???t???a ?????? ta ?p??a ?a??d????? t?? a????p??? s?µpe??f??? ?a? e??a? s?st?µata a?af???? µe ta ?p??a ??????µe t? p???? t?? ????. ?? a??e? p??sd???????? t?? a?et? µa?, t?? t?µ? ?a? t?? t?µ??t?t? µa?, t? f???a ?a? t? ?e??a??d???a µa?, t? st???? ?a? t?? af?s??s? µa?, t?? ?pe??f??e?a µa?, t?? t??fe??t?ta ?a? t?? ?a??s??? µa?. ?? a??e? µa? ?????? e?a?s??t??? st?? a?a?????s? ????? a????, µa? s??e?????? se ???????e? ?a? ta?t?????a d?af???tt??? ta d??a??µat? µa? ?? at?µ??. ?? a??e? ????? a??a ?ta? efa?µ????ta?.

?? a??e? ????? t?? t?µ? t???. ? ßas??? a??a µ?a? a??a? s???stata? st? ?t? d?a???? a????e? t?? ??a??t?t? µa? ?a e?t?µ?s??µe t?? a??a t?? ?a? st? s?µas?a p?? ??e? a?t? ??a t? ??? µa?. ?a? ?p?? a???ß?? ?? p???e?? µa? e??a? e?s?µat?µ??e? s’ e?e??e? t?? s??a????p?? µa?, ?ts? ?a? ?? a??e? µa? e??a? aµ??ßa?a e?s?µat?µ??e?. ?e? µp????µe ?a e????s??µe ? ?a e?t?µ?s??µe t?? a??a t?? a???? ????? ?a t??? ap?d?s??µe ? ????? ?a ap?de????µe ??p??a a??a t???. ? ???e µ?a ap? t?? a??e?, ?p?? t?? d??a??s????, t?? e?e??e??a?, t?? a???p??pe?a?, t?? a??p??, ?.t.?., ?a?????eta? e? p?????? ap? t?? ???p?? a??e?. ?? a??e? ?fe????? t?? a??a t??? st? s???pa??? t?? ????? a????. ??sa ap? a?t? t?? e?s?µ?t?s? ?a? a????ep?d?as? t?? a???? a?ad?eta? ? aµ??ßa?a a????e???t?s? t???, ? d?ap?st?s? aµ??ßa??? ??????, ?a? ? a????? aµ??ßa??? seßasµ?? ?a? s?µß?ßasµ??. ??afa??eta?, ep?s??, ? ?pa??? µ?a? ?eµe??a??? e??t?ta? t?? a???? t?? a????p?? ?a? ? d??at?t?ta s?????s?? t?? a???? se ??a ?????µe???? ap?de?t? s?st?µa a????. ? a??a µ?a? a??a? ????eta? ep?µ???? ?a? ap? t?? ßa?µ? st?? ?p??? ? s???e???µ??? a??a e??s??e? t?? e??t?ta ?a? t? s????? t?? a???? t?? a????p??.

?? a??e? s??e??? d?aµ??f????ta? ?a? s???µa pa?aµ?????, t??????st?? ??a µ???? t???, st?? ??s?a t??? aµet?ß??te?, sta?e???. St?? pa?ad?s?a??? e??e?e?? a??e?, -- ?p?? e?e??e? t?? a??a?a? ????????? f???s?f?a? ?a? t?? ???st?a??sµ?? -- ????? p??ste?e? ?a? ???e?, ?e?te?e?, ?p??, st?? µ??e? µa?, ?? a??e? p?? af????? st? ?t?µ?. ?s???????ta? ??p????, ?st?s?, ?t? µ?a ap? t?? a??a??? p?? ep?fe?e ? s??????? ep?st?µ? ?a? ? ep?st?µ????? te???????a e??a? ? ?p?ß??µ?s? t?? ?p??tat?? a???? t?? a????p?? ?a??? ?a? ? ?e???? ???s? t?? a????. ?a?t??, a?ap?fe??ta, se µ?a p????a??st??? ???????a, ?p?? ? d??? µa?, ?p???e? ??a f?sµa e?µ??e?a? t?? a????, s???????? d?a???t?? ?p?st??????? ?t? ?? a??e? t?? a????p?? ???d??e???? ap? t? d??ß??s? t?? d?af???p???s?? ?a? ap? t?? a???s? t?? ?????????? a??s?t?ta?. ?a?at????? ?t? ?? pa?ad?s?a??? a?t???µe? a??e? t?? e?????? p???t?sµ?? ?p??????? ?a? ?t? t?? d?ad??eta? ? ??sµ?? t?? ??d?te??? ?µ???µ??f?a?. ????? p???? µ????? apa?s??d??a ??a µ?a ?p?????s? t?? pa?a????p???? a???? ?a? ?s???????ta? ?t? ?se? ap? t?? a??e? ap?µ????? ?e?????ta? as?µß?ßaste? µe t?? s?µe????? s?????e?, pe?????f??ta? ?? e?t?eµ?st????, ? a??µa ?a? «e?????p?????ta?». ? ???s?e?a, ??????, de? ap?te?e? p???? t?? ???st? a??e?t?a ??????. S?µe?a, ?p?st???????, ? ?????a t?? d??a??s????, ? ?d?a t?? ??????, ta ???t???a t?? a?et?? ????? ??a p??s??ße? s?et??? a??a, ?a? a?t? t? ap?d?d??? st?? ep?d?as? t?? ep?st?µ??. ??e???t?ta ap? t?? ????t?ta t?? a??t???, ??saµe, fa??eta?, ta a?µa?a e??p???t??? st???e?a t?? p???t?sµ?? µa? ?a? d?e??t?µaste a????t? p???? ??a t? t? ep?t????? e?µaste eµe?? ?? ?????p??.

?? a?afe????µe, ???p??, p??ta st?? a??e? t?? e?????? p???t?sµ?? ?a? t?? ???s?e???, ?? pa?a??te?e?, ?a? a???????? st?? a??e? t?? ep?st?µ?? ?a? t?? a??e? st?? ep?st?µ?.

2. ?? a??e? ß??s???ta? st?? ???e? t?? p???t?sµ??

? ?st???a d?d?s?e? ?t? ?a???a? p???t?sµ?? de? e??a? d??at?? ????? t? s??a??es? se ??a s?st?µa ?????? a????. ? ?st???a d?d?s?e? ep?s?? ?t? ? p???t?sµ?? t?? a????p?? ?µ??e? se p????? ???sse? ?a? ?t? ap? t?? 6,000 pe??p?? e?????? ????t???e? p??????? ?? a??e? t?? p???t?sµ???? s?st?µ?t?? t?? a????p??. ? p???t?sµ??? ?µ?? p??? t?? a????, ep?s?µ????? d??s?µ?? ?st??????, s?ss??e?se µe t?? p???d? t?? ?????? ?????e? a???? d?af??et???? ?a? e?µ??e?e? a???? aµ??ßa?a as?µß?ßaste? ?a? ?d???se se p???t?st??? d?af???p???s? ?a? st? ???st? p???t?sµ??? ap????s?. ?ts?, st?? µ??e? µa?, ?? e?????? p???t?sµ?? t?? ?a?? t?? ??? d?at????? a??µ? ßas??? d?af??et???? ?e???se?? pa?? t? ?e????? ?t? ????? e??p????e? µe p???????? t??p???. ?? p???t?sµ?? t?? a????p?? p?????? t?? ?d?? t?? ?????p?, e?????? ?a? ???????? (d?af???p?????) t??? ?a???, d?at????? t?? p???t? ?a? t?? ?µ??f?? t?? a????p?t?ta? ?a? p????? f???? d?a????????, d?st????, t?? as??µ?a t?? s?ß???sµ??.

?µ??, pa?? t?? ?st????? t?s? t?? a????p?? ??a p???t?sµ??? d?af???p???s?, sta te?e?ta?a 500 ?????a ?a? ?????? st?? pe?asµ??? a???a, pa?at??e?ta? µ?a t?s? ??a p???t?sµ??? epa?as?????s?, ???? t?? pa???sµ??? p???t?st???? a?ta??a??? t?? ?p??e? ep?fe?e ?????? ? ???s? t?? s???????? ep?st?µ?????? te???????a?. ??a??????eta? af’ e??? ?t? ? p??????a ?a? ? ?d?a?te??t?ta t?? e?????? p???t?sµ?? apa?te? seßasµ? ?a? d?af??a??, ?a? pa?at??e?ta? af’ et???? ?t? ? s???pa??? t?? e?????? p???t?sµ?? ?a? ? e??????? s?µß??s? t?? ?a?? p?? a?t?p??s?pe????, p???p???te? s?????s? t?? e?????? p???t?sµ?? se ??a ?e???? ap?de?t? s?st?µa a???? ßas?sµ???, e? p??????, sta ????? t??? st???e?a. ? s??????? ???p?? a????e???t?s? t?? ?a?? t?? ??? p??sf??e? t? d??at?t?ta a??de???? e??? µ????? ?st? a???µ?? ?????? a???? ?a? t?? ap?d??? p????? ap? t?? ep? µ????? a??e? t?? e?????? p???t?sµ?? ?? s?µp????µat???? t?? ?????? a????.

3. ?? a??e? ß??s???ta? st? ß???? t?? ???s?e???

Se ????? t??? p???t?sµ??? ?a? se ??? t?? ?st???a ?p???e? ? p?st? st? Te?, ? p?st? st?? ?pa??? e??? ????? ??sµ??, p??a ap? t?? pa???ta f?s???, ?a? ?? s??a??????e? ?pe?ßat???? a??e? t?? ???s?e?a?. ?a?? t?? p????a??sµ? t?? p?st?? (p?? pa?a??????e? e?e???? t?? e?????? p???t?sµ??) ?p???e?, ?st?s?, ?µ???t?ta st? ßas??? d?das?a??a t?? µe????? ???s?e???. ?a??? st? ???s?e?t??? p?st? ed?e???? a?t????e?? ap? t?? ?p??e? ap??????? ?? ßas???? a??e? t?? a??p??, t?? a???p??pe?a?, t?? aµ??ßa??t?ta?, ?.?.p. Sta ß??? t?? ???s?e???, ???fe? ? f???s?f?? / ?st?????? P. Tillich, ? ?d?a ? ???s?e?a ???e? t? s?µas?a t??, ?a? e?e??? st? ?p??? de???e?, ?efe??e? t?? ?d?a?te??t?t? t?? ?a? ???eta? p?e?µat??? e?e??e??. ? e??t?ta t?? ???s?e?t???? a???? ep?µ???? p??pe? ?a a?a??t??e? sta ß??? t?? ???s?e?t???? eµpe???a?, sta ?p??a ?d????? ?? pa???????? ?a? ?d?a?te??? d??µ?? t?? ep? µ????? ???s?e???. ?ts?, a? ?a? ? ep? µ????? d?at?p?s? t?? a???e?a? ap? t?? ???e ???s?e?a e??a? ?st????? pe?????sµ???, ? a???e?a st?? ?p??a µa? ?d??e? e??a? ????? st?? p?st? ???e ???s?e?a?. ?a? t??t? ??at? ?p?????? p?????, s?µp????µat???? d??µ?? p?? ?d????? st?? µe???e? a??e? ?a? ???????????? t?? ??s?a ?a? t? ???µ? t???. ???µa ?a? t? a?t??et? µ?a? µe????? a???e?a?, e?pe ? f?s???? Niels Bohr, d??at?? ?????sta ?a e??a? µ?a e? ?s?? µe???? a???e?a, µ?a ???? ??? t??. ? t?s? ep?µ???? ??a ????????s? de? s??ep??eta? e??at??e??? t?? d???? µa? p???t?sµ??, ??te t?? d???? µa? ???s?e?a?, a??? ep?ß???e? t?? d?at???s? t??? ?? s?µp????µat???? ??e?? µ?a? p???s??te???, ?e????te??? ?a? a?t??e?µe????te??? p?a?µat???t?ta?.

?? ?????te?e? t?? ???s?e???, µa ?d?a?te?a ? ???st?a??sµ??, e??a? a????p??e?t?????. ??esße????, ?p?? p??s?p??? a?t??aµß???µa?, ?t? ? Te??, p??? ap? 15 pe??p?? d?se?at?µµ???a ?????a, d?µ??????se e? t?? µ?de??? ta a????? ????? ?a? ??ese t??? f?s????? ??µ??? ?a? ????se t? d?ad??as?a ? ?p??a ?d???se st? s?µe???? s?µpa?. ??t? ? d?ad??as?a µet?t?e?e d?ad????? a?t???ß???e? ?a? st???e??d? s?µ?t?a se at?µ????? p????e?, t??t??? se ?t?µa, ?a? a?t? a???????? se p???p???a µ???a ?a? s?st?µata ??a?? ?a ?p?ßast????? e?s??e?d?t? ???, ?a? a??s??e µ?sa ap? t? e?e??ss?µe?? a?t? s?µpa? ??a ??sµ? p??s?p?? ?µ???? µe t? d??? T?? e????a, µ??ad???? e?s??e?d?t?? ?p???e??, a?epa????pt??, ?a? ??a sp?t? a???? ?a? ep?st?µ????. Teµe???d??, ???p??, e??a? ? p?st? p????? ???s?e??? ?t? ? a??tat? p??? t?? a???? e??a? ? Te?? ?a? ?t? ?? a??e? e??a? ap??a???e?? t?? ????s?? t?? Te?? st?? ?????p?. ? ?e??? p????e?s? t?? ???s?e?t???? a????, t??? p??sd?de? ??a ?pe?ßat???, pa?a????p??? ?a? e??p???t??? ?a?a?t??a, ?ts? ?ste ?a ?e?????ta? ap? t??? ?pad??? t?? ???s?e??? a??te?e? t?? ????? a???? t?? a????p??. ?a?? ta?ta, ?a? e? a?t?a?, ?s??, a?t?? t?? ???s?e?t???? a?t????e?? ??a t?? a??e?, ????µaste µ??t??e? epa?e???µµ???? s??????se??, a?t?d????? ?a? p???µ?? p??? a???ß?? st?? d?a????st???? ??aµµ?? p?? ????et??? ?? ???s?e?e? t?? a????p??.

4. ?? a??e? t?? ep?st?µ?? ?a? ? ep?d?as? t?? ep?st?µ?? st?? pa?ad?s?a??? a??e?

? ep?st?µ? e?e??? t?? t??p? ?e?t?????a? ?a? ap??a??pte? t?? ?µ??f?? t?? f?s???? ??sµ?? ?s? ?aµ?a ???? a????p??? e????e?a. ? ep?st?µ? ?µ?? de? a?a?a??pte? a??e? ??te e??a? ?? ep?st?µ?????? a?a?a???e?? ?p??at?stat? ??a t?? te?????, ??t???????? a???e?e? t?? ???s?e?a? ? t?? f???s?f?a?. ? ep?st?µ????? µ???d?? e??a? ?????? epa??????: µet??se?? ?a? ded?µ??a s?s?et????ta?, ?? ??????? ?a? p?s?t???? s??se?? p?? ap??????? d?aµ??f????ta? se eµpe??????? ??µ???, ?a? a?t??, st? s????e?a, a?????ta? se ?e????te?e? ?e???t???? a???? ?a? ?ata?????ta?. ? ?e????te?? f?s??? ?e???s? af’ e??? µe? st????eta? sta pe??aµat??? ded?µ??a, af’ et???? de e??p??e?, epe???e?, ?a? p??ß??pe? ta f?s??? fa???µe?a ?a? t? s?µpe??f??? t???. S’ a?t? t? µ??f?, s’ a?t?? t?? e??t?ta ???e?ta? ? ?µ??f?? ?a? ? d??aµ? t?? ep?st?µ??: ?? ?d?e? t?? ep?st?µ?? ?a?a?t??????? t? f?s??? ??µ? ?a? ????? d??aµ? e??p???t???, s??det???, a?t????at???. ? ?d?a t?? ßa??t?ta?, ??a pa??de??µa, de? pe?????fe? ap??? ??a e?d??? ??µ? µ?a? f?s???? s?µpe??f????, a??? epe???e? p?? e????eta? ? f?s?, t? ??at? t? s?µpa? e??µ??? ?a? ta?t?????a t?? ep?t??pe? ?a ???e?ta? ?a? ?a e?e??sseta?.

?a?? ta?ta, ? ???s? µa? ??a t? f?s??? ??sµ? de? µp??e? ?a epe?ta?e?, t??????st? ap? ?t? p??? t? pa??? ????????µe, p??a? t?? ?e???? ????, ??a pa??de??µa, st?? pe????? t?? ?µ????? ???? ?a? t?? s??e?d?s??. ?e? ??????? «??t???????» pe???µata st?? ep?st?µ?. ??te ?a? ??????? f?s????? ??µ??? p?? ep?ß?????? seßasµ? t?? d??a??µ?t?? t?? a????p??. ???a?, ??µ???, a????? ?a t???ste? a??µ? ?t? ep?st?µ??e?, ?p?? ? ??µpe??sta? f?s???? Eugene Wigner, ?p?de??????? ?t? a? ?a? ?? ??µ?? t?? f?s?? ?s????? ?a? ??a ta s?stat??? t?? ??s?? ????, e? t??t??? ?? ??µ?? a?t?? ?a p??pe? ?a t??p?p??????? d?aµat??? ??a ?a e????s??? ta fa???µe?a t?? ????. ??t? e??a? ta ???a t?? ep?st?µ??. ???pe? ?a ta seßast??µe ?a? ?a µ? ta pa?aß?????µe ?ta? a?a??t??µe t?? a??e? ? t?? d??at?t?te? t?? ep?st?µ??.

? ep?st?µ?, ???p??, per se de? as???e?ta? µe a??e?. ?? ep?st?µ??e? ?µ?? as??????ta? µe a??e? ?a? ? ?d?a ? ep?st?µ? ap? µ??? t?? de? e??a? e?e??e?? a???? st?? e?t??es? t?? ep?st?µ?????? ??e??a? ?a? st?? efa?µ??? t?? ep?st?µ?????? ???s??. ?p????µe, ??µ???, ?a d?a??????µe ?e???? d?? ?at?????e? a????: ???e? st?? ep?st?µ? ?a? a??e? t?? ep?st?µ??.

???e? st?? ep?st?µ?: ???? e????? ?t? µ???? t?te ??a? µp??e? ?a e??aste? st?? ep?st?µ? ?ta? e?t?µ? t?? a??a t?? a???e?a?. ??t??, ? ??e??a ??a t?? a???e?a st?? ep?st?µ? ep?ß???e? st?? e?e???t? µ?a ????? s?µpe??f??? ? ?p??a de? d?af??e? p?s?t??? ? p???t??? e?e???? st?? e???te?? ???????a, ??at? s?µf?te? µe t?? ?s??s? t?? ep?st?µ?? e??a? a??e? ?µ??e? µe e?e??e? t?? e???te??? ???????a?. ? ep?st?µ? a?t?pa?a??te? t?? e??as?a e??? ep?st?µ??a µe t?? e??as?a t?? ????? ep?st?µ???? ?a? de? µp??e? ?a ep???se? ????? d??a??s??? ?a? t?µ? ?a? seßasµ? a??µes? t???. ? ep?st?µ?, ep? p????, st????eta? st?? e?e??e?? ep????????a t?? ep?st?µ???? ?a? ??a st?? aµ??ßa?a eµp?st?s??? ?a? a????e???t?s? t???. ? a???? t?? d??stas?? ap??e??, ? e?e??e??a t?? s????? ?a? t?? ?????, ? d??a??s???, ? a???p??pe?a, ? a?t?seßasµ?? e??a? ??e? a??e? p?? ????? a?a?????ste? st? pa?e???? -- p??? p??? ap? t? s??????? ep?st?µ? – ?? a?a??a?e? ??a ?a ep???se? ? ???????a. St?? ?d?e? a??e? st????eta? ?a? ? ep?st?µ? ??a t? ?e?t?????a t?? ??at? ?? a??e? a?t?? e??a? d?a???????? ?a? ??at? ? ep?st?µ????? ??e??a e?te?e?ta? ap? ?a? ??a t??? a????p???, ?a? ??at? ? ep?st?µ? e??a? p??t?st?? a????p??? d?ad??as?a. ?ts?, e?? ? ep?st?µ????? e????a ??a t?? ??sµ? s??e??? a????e?, ?? a??e? p??? st?? ?p??e? st????eta? ? ep?st?µ? ?a? ? ep?st?µ????? s?µpe??f??? pa?aµ????? ??s?ast??? ?? ?d?e?, d?a???????? pa?a????p??e? a??e?.

?p?????? ?µ?? ?a? ?? a??e? t?? ep?st?µ??, a??e? p?? ?a?a?t??????? t?? ?d?a?te?? t??p? s????? ?a? ?e?t?????a? t??.

???e? t?? ep?st?µ?? - ? ????????sµ?? e??a? a??a t?? ep?st?µ??. ???sd?????e? t?? t??p? µe t?? ?p??? a?a?a??pteta? ? ???s? st?? ep?st?µ? ?a? t? e?d?? t?? ???s?? p?? d??eta? ? ep?st?µ? ?? a?t??e?µe????, ?? «a??????». - ? a?t??e?µe????t?ta ?a? ? ap?de??t???t?ta t?? ???s?? e??a? a??e? t?? ep?st?µ??. ? ep?st?µ? ap?d??eta? ?? a?t??e?µe???? µ??? t? ???s? p?? µp??e? ?a ep?ßeßa???e? pe??aµat??? ? ?a ap?de???e? ?e???t???. ?p?st?µ????? a???e?a e??a? e? ???sµ?? a?t? p?? ?? ep?st?µ??e? ap?de??????? ?a? ?e????? ?? ep?st?µ????? ???? e? a?t???se? µe t? ???s?e?t??? ? t? f???s?f??? a???e?a p?? ????eta? e? t?? ???, ap??a??pt??? ? a???µat???. ??t? ?s??e? pa?? t? ?e????? ?t? ? ep?st?µ????? ???s? ??e? µetaßat??? ?a? ??? µ???µ? ?a?a?t??a. ? ep?st?µ????? ???s? de? e??a? ?p??e?µe????, a??? ??te ?a? ap???t?. - ? a?a?????? ?a? ? d?????s? t??? ?????? e??a? a??a t?? ep?st?µ?? ?p?? e??a? ?a? ? seßasµ?? ?a? ? ap?d??? t?? ded?µ????. ? pa?ap???s? t?? ep?st?µ?????? ded?µ???? e??a? t? f?ße??te?? t?? e????µ?t?? st?? ep?st?µ?. ?? ?a? asfa??? ?p?????? ?at? ?a????? µeµ???µ??a ????sµata pa?ap???s?? t?? ded?µ????, a?t? ??????a ap??a??pt??ta? ??at? ? ap?de??t???t?ta e??a? a??a t?? ep?st?µ?? ?a? ??at? ? ep?st?µ? ß??s?eta? ?p? s??e?? a?t???e???. - ? e??t?ta ?a? ? s????? t?? ???s?? e??a? a??e? t?? ep?st?µ??. ?ts?, s??t????eta? ?a? e??a?a e?e??sseta? t? s????? t?? ep?st?µ?????? ???s??. - ? tape???f??s??? e??a? a??a t?? ep?st?µ??, p??t?st?? ??at? ? ep?st?µ??a? ??????e? ?t? ?s? µe???? ?a? ?a e??a? ? p??sf??? t?? st?? ep?st?µ?, a?t? ?a ????ta?, a??? ? ??????a, ap? ??p???? ????, e? ?a??? ?a ?epe?aste?, ?a? ??at? ??a ?a a?a?a???e? a?t? p?? a?a?????e st???????e st??? ??p??? ?a? ta ep?te??µata t?? ????? ep?st?µ????. - ? ?????µe????t?ta ?a? ? ?a??????t?ta e??a? a??e? t?? ep?st?µ?? µe d?p?? s?µas?a: Se ?t? af??? st?? ?s?? t?? f?s???? ??µ?? ?a? se ?t? af??? st? µ???d? t?? ep?st?µ??, st?? e?????t?t? t??, st? ???ssa t??, st?? ep?pt?se?? t??, ?a? st? s?µµet??? t?? apa?ta??? a????p?? st?? ep?st?µ?. - ? s??e??as?a e??a? a??a t?? ep?st?µ??. ? ep?st?µ????? ???s? e??a? t? ap?t??esµa t?? µ????? p????? a????p?? ?a? t?? s???????? s?µµet???? t?? ?a?? ???? t?? ep????. ??d?e? ?a? ???a??e? ap? ??a ta ???? ?µa?a? ?a e??????ta? µa?? st?? ep?st?µ? ?a? ?? e? t??t?? ? ep?st?µ? ????eta? sa? pa??de??µa ??a t? t? µp??e? ?a ep?t??e? ? ?????p?? µe t? s??e??as?a. ?ts?, ? ep?st?µ? ?a??stata? ????? ???????µ?? t?? a????p??. ?p???e? µ?a ep?st?µ? ? ?p??a µa? e???e? se a?t??es? µe t?? p????? ???s?e?e? ?a? t??? p?????? e??????? p???t?sµ??? p?? e???te µa? ????????. ? ep?st?µ? ep?µ???? ??e? e??p???t??? a??a ??? µ??? ap? p?e???? a?t??e?µe????? ???s??, a??? ?a? ap? p?e???? ?????????? s??????. - ? a????p?sµ?? e??a? a??a p???d??stat? t?? ep?st?µ??. G?at? ? ep?st?µ? e??p??ete? p??????t??p?? t?? a????e? t?? a????p??, µe???e? t?? p??? t??, ?a? a????e? t?? e?e??e??a t?? µe t? ??a ???s? p?? t?? pa???e? ?a? µe t?? ??e? ep?????? p?? t?? p??sf??e?. G?at? ? ep?st?µ? ape?e??e???e? t?? ?????p? ap? t?? ea?t? t?? ?a? ap? t?? s???????p? t??. ? ?????p?? ??f??e ap? t?? p???ata???e?? t?? ?a? ?? ?????p?? apa?t?sa? e?e??e??a ?a? d??a??s??? ?a? seßasµ? ?ta? t? ep?st?µ????? p?e?µa e??e d?ad??e? a??µes? t???. ? a????p?sµ?? e??a? a??a t?? ep?st?µ?? ??at? ? ep?st?µ? e??p??ete? p??????t??p?? t?? ?????? a????e? t?? a????p??, e?????e? t? s??????? t?? s??e?d?s? ?a? p??sa?µ??e? t?? a??e? t?? st?? s??????e? s?????e? t?? ???? t?? ß?????ta? t?? ?ts? ?a e?p????se? ?a??te?a t?? ?????? t?? ?p???e?se??. ? s??e?d?s?, ?p?? ????????µe, ??e???eta? s?µe?a t? ???s?. ?p?? a??fe?a ?a? se p??????µe?? ?µ???a µ??, a? ßa??? st?? ???e? t?? p???t?sµ?? ß??s?eta? ? ?e??af?t?s? t?? a????p??, ? ???????a de? µp??e? ?a ???e? a?????? p???t?sµ??? ????? t?? ep?st?µ?. ? a????p?sµ?? e??a? a??a t?? ep?st?µ?? ??at? ? ep?st?µ? ?a???e??e? ?a? ?p?ßast??e? t?? e?p?da.

??t?? ?a? pa??µ??e? a??e?, se s??d?asµ? µe ta ?d?a?te?a ?a?a?t???st??? t?? ep?st?µ?????? ???s?? ?p?????sa? p?????? ?a d?e??t????? ?at? p?s?? ?? ep?st?µ?????? a??e? p??pe? ?a a?t??atast?s??? t?? pa?ad?s?a??? a??e? t?? a????p??. ?at? p?s?? ? ep?st?µ????? µ???d?? e??a? ? µ??ad???? d??µ?? st? ???s? ?a? ?at’ ep??tas? ?a? ef’ ?s?? µ??? ? ????? ??? eµp?pte? ??s?ast??? st? ped?? t?? ep?st?µ?? ?at? p?s? ? ??? (??? ?a? e????e?a) e??a? ? ßas??? p?a?µat???t?ta st? s?µpa?. ?at? p?s?? t? a?t??e?µe?? ?a? ta a?t?a µe ta ?p??a as???e?ta? ? ep?st?µ? e??a? ta µ??a a?????? ?a? ep?µ???? µ??? ? ep?st?µ? d??ata? ?a ap??a???e? t?? a?t??e?µe???? a???e?a t?? p?a?µat???t?ta?. ?at? p?s?? ? ep?st?µ?????? ?tete?µ???sµ?? a?t??at?st?se t?? ?d?a t?? ?e?? µe t?? ?d?a t?? f?s??, ?a? t?? ?e??? µe t?? f?s??? ??µ?. ?at? p?s?? ? ep?st?µ? ?? µ???d?? ?a? ?? ???s? p??a? t? ??s? t?? Te??. ??ste??, ?t?, t? ?a ?e?p????e? ? ?a ap???t?p????e? ?ts? ? ep?st?µ? e??a? ?s?d??aµ? µe t? ?a µetat?ape? ? ep?st?µ? se µ???, d??ad? ?a t?? afa??e?e? ? ep?st?µ?????t?t? t??. ?a? a?t? e??a? ??a te??st?? sf??µa µe ap??ß?epte? s???pe?e? t?s? ??a t?? ep?st?µ? ?s? ?a? ??a t?? ?????p?.

Ost?s?, ?? a??t??? s???e?? f?ß????? t?? s?µe???? ?????p?. ??ste??, e? p???e?µ???, ?t?, ?s??, ? ?????te?? ep?d?as? t?? ep?st?µ?? st?? a??e? e??a? a???ß?? t? t? ??e? ?a pe? ? ep?st?µ? ??a t?? ?d?? t?? ?????p?, ??a t?? e????a t?? a????p??. ?? eµßa?????µe ???p?? ???? a??µa s’ a?t? t? ??µa.

5. ? ep?st?µ????? ?p??? ?a? ?? s???pe??? t??

S?µf??a µe t?? pa?a???t????? Richard Leaky, t?sse??? e??a? ?? ep???? p?? ?a?a?t??????? t?? ?st???a t?? ???? st? ??: (1) ? a??? t?? s?µpa?t?? p??? ap? pe??p?? 15 d?se?at?µµ???a ?????a (t?te ?p???e µ??? a?t???ß???a ?a? st???e??d? s?µ?t?a), (2) ? a??? t?? ?d?a? t?? ???? - ???? ?p? µ??f? µ???????a??sµ?? - ??p?? 3,5 d?se?at?µµ???a ?????a st? pa?e????, (3) ? a??? p?????tta??? ???a??sµ?? p??? ap? pe??p?? µ?s? d?se?at?µµ???? ?????a (? ??? s’ a?t? t?? pe???d? ????e p???p???? µe t?? eµf???s? f?t?? ?a? ????), ?a? (4) ? «eµf???s?» t?? a????p???? s??e?d?s?? p??? pe??p?? 2,5 e?at?µµ???a ?????a. ? p???t?sµ?? e??a? ??t? ?a????????, ???. ?s?? p??t?eµfa??st??e p??? ap? 35,000 ?????a (t?te ?p?????? ?? p??te? e?de??e?? ?t? ? ?????p?? ??aße t??? ?e????? t??).

S?µe?a, ? ep?st?µ? epe?te??e? t?? ????a???a t?? a????p?? st? f?s? ?a? st?? ?d?? t?? ?????p?. ?d?se ? ep?st?µ? st?? ?????p? p??t?fa?e?? d???µe?? µe t?? ?p??e? µp??e? ?a p??e? sta ????a t?? t? d??? t?? e??????, ?a a????e? t?? ea?t? t?? ?a? t?? ?p????p? d?µ??????a, ?a ep?f??e? se ??????? d??st?µa µ?a?, ?s??, ?e?e?? a??a??? p?? e?at?µµ???a ?????a de? ?at????sa? ?a ep?f????? st? pa?e????. ??t?? ?? d???µe?? f????? t?? ?????p? p??a? t?? pa?ad?s?a??? a???? ?a? t?? ?????? t?? s?st?µ?t??. F????? ?a? t?? ep?st?µ??a p??a? t?? pa?ad?s?a??? a???? ?a? a???? t?? ep?st?µ?? ?a? ?a??st??? p??ß??µat??? ??’ a?t?? t?? ?s????sµ? ?t? ? ???s? p?? pa???e? ?? ep?st?µ??a? e??a? e? ???sµ?? ??a t? ?a?? t?? a????p??.

???? a?t?? t?? e?e???e??, ?p?????? e?e???? p?? ?s???????ta? ?t? ? s?µe????? ?????p?? ????se ?a ???s?µ?p??e? t?? ep?st?µ? t?? se µ?a s?st?µat??? ep??es? e?a?t??? t?? ea?t?? t??. ?????? ep??e???µat??????? ?t? ? efa?µ??? t?? ep?te??µ?t?? t?? ep?st?µ?? st?? ?????p? d??ß??se t?? ?d?a t?? a????p?? sa? ??t? t? µe?a??p?ep?? ? ?e?? ?a? t?? a?t??at?st?se µe ap??e?? p?? ß??p??? t?? ?????p? ?? ??a a??µ? ??? t?? f?s?? ?, a??µa, sa? µ?a s?????? µ?????. ?????, p???, ?e????? ?? t? µe?a??te?? p??ß??µa t?? ep???? µa? t?? e?e???t??? a?t??p?ß?ßasµ?, ?p?t?µ?s?, ?a? «apa????p?sµ?» t?? a????p?? ?a? d?e??t??ta? a????t? «t??e? de ?µe??;»

??e???t?ta ap? t?? ????t?ta ?a? t? µ??e??? t?? f?ß?? p?? eµpe??????? a?t?? ?? ap??e?? ?a? a?t? ta e??t?µata, ??e?, a?aµf?ß??a, tape????e? st?? µ??e? µa? ? ?????p??. ? e????a t?? a????p?? ??e? ?e?????se? ?a? t? ????? t?? a??st?µa ??e? sµ?????e?. ??ste??, ?t? ? t???? e?af???s? t?? ?d?a? t?? a????p?? ?? ??t? t? ?e????st? ?a ?ta? p??? ?atast?ept??? ??a t?? ?d?? ?a? ??a t?? ??? ???.

?? d??µe ???p?? µe????? ap? t?? ep?pt?se?? t?? ep?st?µ?????? ???s?? st?? ap??e?? s?et??? µe t?? ?d?a, t?? e????a t?? a????p??.

?p?? ?d? a??fe?a, d?afa??eta? ?t? t? s?µpa? ???f????se t?? ?????p? 15 d?se?at?µµ???a ?????a ?a? ?t? µ?a se??? ap? sp???e? ??sµ???? s??????e? ?at?st?sa? d??at? t? ???. ?????? t? ?e????? a?t?, ?a? t?? pa???s?a t?? a????p?? st?? p?a??t? µa?, t??a?a. ????? p?ste???? ?t? ? Te?? ?d????se s??e??? a?t?? t?? e??????, a?t?? t?? pa???sµ?a ???f???a, p?? ????se te???? t?? ?????p? st? ??. ? de?te?? ?p??? p??sd?de? st?? ?????p? ?pe?ßat???t?ta ?a? ?p?de????e? t?? a??te?? a??a t?? se s??s? µe t?? ?p????p? d?µ??????a.

? ?p??? ?µ?? a?t? ??a t? ?e????st? ??s? t?? a????p?? st? f?s? ??e? aµf?sß?t??e? ap? s????????? ep?st?µ??e?. G?a pa??de??µa, ?p?st????eta? ?t? ? ??? e??a? µe? µ?a sp???a a??? f?s??? ?at?stas? t?? ????, ?t?, t??????st? st?? a??? t??, ? ?????p?? ?ta? s??deµ???? µe ?at?te?a ??ta, ?t? p??pe? ?a d?a??afe? ? d?????s? a??µesa st?? ????? ?a? t?? ?µ???? ???, ?t? p??pe? ?a ta?t?ste? ? ??s?a t?? a????p?? µe a?t? p?? ??e? ????? µe ta ???a ??a, ?t? de? ?p???e? ?e????st? «a????p??? f?s?», ?a?, a??µa, ?t? p??pe? ?a ?p?ßa?µ?s?e? ? ?????p?? ??a ?a ß?????e? t? pe??ß????? ?a? ? ?p????p? ???. G?a p??t? f??? st?? ?st???a t??, ? ?????p?? fa??eta? ?a ?p?ß?ß??e? e?e???t??? t?? ea?t? t??, µe t?? esfa?µ???, ??µ???, a?t????? ?t? ?ts? ß???? t? f?s? ?a? t? ???.

?? e??a? ???p?? µ??ad??? st?? ?????p?; ? µ??ad???t?ta t?? a????p?? de? ???e?ta? asfa??? st? f?s??? ? st? ß???????? t?? s???es?, a??? sta d?a??????? t?? ?a?a?t???st???: st? ?????? t??, st?? e?e??e??a t??, st? s???? t??, st?? d?a???t???? ?a? st?? p?e?µat???? t?? d???µe??, st? ß????s? t?? ??a ???s? ?a? e?e??e?? d?e?e???s?. ???a?, ? ?????p??, ?? ???st???, ??????, p?e?µat???, ?????, a?t????st??? µe a??e? p?? de? ap??????? µ??? ap? t?? a????? ??a ep?ß??s?. ???a? ??a??? ? ?????p?? ?a d?µ?????e? ??sµ??e???e? ??a t? s?µpa? ?a? t? ???, ?a s????e? t?? ep???µ?e? ?a? t?? pep????se?? t?? ?????, ?a ???e? ?????? ep??????, ?a de???e? e?sp?a???a, ?a a?ap?, ?a a?t???s???eta?.

???a? asfa??? ? ?????p?? ??a ap? ta ??a, e?s?µat?µ??? ?a? s??e??µ??? µe t? f?s? (apa?t??eta? ????? ? ?????p?? ap? ta ?d?a ?t?µa ?p?? t? ???e t? ????). ?e?????e? ?µ?? ? ?????p?? ap? ta ???a ??a ???? t?? pa?ap??? ?a?a?t???st????. ?a? ?s??, ep? p????, ap?d????ta? t?? ?????p? ?? t? ?e?µ??f? d?µ??????µa, ?ata?????, ??µ???, ?t? ?a??te?a t?? ?pe???? t?? par excellence ?a? t?? ???st? t?µ? p?? t?? ????e ap? t? Te? ?a? t? f?s?, ?a t?? eµp?ste????? ???????? t? d?µ??????a.

6. ? ?????µe????t?ta ?a? ? s?µp????µat???t?ta t?? a????

?? ?????µe ?µ?? te???? st?? ?????µe????t?ta ?a? st? s?µp????µat???t?ta t?? a???? ?a? st? d??at?t?ta a?a?????s?? ?????? a????, ap?de?t?? ap? t??? ?a??? ?a? t?? ???????e? t?? p?a??t? µa?, ???s?µ?? ??a t?? ep?ß??s? ?a? t?? p???d? t?? a????p??.

O? pa?a????p??e? ?a µp????sa? ?a ?a?a?t???s???? e?e??e? ?? a??e?, ?? ?p??e? pa?aµ????? p?a?t??? a?ep???aste? ap? t?? p???t?st???? d?af???? t?? ?a?? ?a? ?? ?p??e? ?????ta? e?e??e?a ap?de?t?? ap? t??? ?a??? t?? ??? ?? d???? t??? a??e?, pa?? t?? t???? e???????????? e?????? t??? ap????se??. ?? pa?a????p??e? a??e? e??a? ??a ?????? a??e?, ßas?sµ??e? st?? a????p??? a???p??pe?a ?a? st?? ap?de??µ??? ?µ???t?ta a??µesa st?? a??e? t?? ?a?? ?? ?p??e? ????? e?s?µat??e? sta e????? a?????at??? s?st?µata. ??µ??? ?µ?? ?t? ?a? e?????? a??e? e??? ?a?? d??at?? ?a ?a?a?t???st??? ?? pa?a????p??e? - pa?? t?? ?d?a?te??t?t? t??? - e?? ? ap?d??? t??? ap? ?????? p???t?sµ??? µ??? ?a?? ?a µp????se ?a ep?f??e?. ?? pa?a????p??e? a??e? s?ß??ta? t?? ?d?a?te??t?ta t?? a???? t?? e?????? p???t?sµ??. ??a??t???ta? eµpe????? a??µesa st?? a??e? p?? eµpe??????ta? st?? ????t???e?, t??? p???t?sµ??? ?a? t?? ???s?e?e?.

St? ??e???? S?µp?s?? t? ?p??? ??????se ? ??ad?µ?a ?????? t?? pe?asµ??? ???? ??a t?? a??de??? t?? pa?a????p???? a????, ?at???µ?st??a? µeta?? ????? ?a? ?? a??????e? pa?a????p??e? a??e?: - ?? p??s?p? - ? seßasµ?? t?? ????, t?? e?e??e??a?, t?? d??a??s????, t?? f??a???e?a?, ?a? t?? a????p???? a???p??pe?a? - ? a??p? ?a? ? aµ??ßa??t?ta (? ???s?? ?a???a?) - ? d?asf???s? t?? p???t?st???? ???????µ??? t?? a????p??, t?? ?st?????? ded?µ????, ?a? t?? a?t??e?µe????t?ta? t?? ???s??.

?s?? ?µ?? ep?t???? ?a? ?a e??a? ? a?a??t?s? ??a pa?a????p??e? a??e?, ?a pa?aµ????? d?af???p???µ??e? ?a? a?t?te?e?? ?? p?e?ste? t?? a???? t?? e?????? p???t?sµ?? t?? a????p??. G?a a?t?? a???ß?? t?? ????, ??µ???, ?t? ? a?a??t?s? t?? pa?a????p???? a???? p??pe? ?a s???de?eta? ap? t?? a?a?????s? ?a? t?? ap?d??? t?? e?????? a???? t?? ?a?? t?? ??? ?? s?µp????µat????. ?????? ap? t?? a??e? t?? e?????? p???t?sµ?? e?? eµfa?????ta? fa???µe???? ?? s???????µe?e? e??a? st?? ??s?a s?µp????µat???? p??se???se??, ???e? p?e???? ?a? ?e????st?? pe??????, µ?a? e???te??? ?a? p???s??te??? ?????? p?a?µat???t?ta? ?a? eµpe???a?, ?a? ??a µp????? ?a s???p??????.

6. ?e???? s????a ?a? s?µpe??sµata

????e ???ed?e, ????e? ?a? ??????,

Ta ??e?s? t?? ?µ???a µ?? µe ta e??? s????a ?a? s?µpe??sµata.

1. ??aµf?ß??a st?? µ??e? µa? pa?at??e?ta? µ?a ?e???? d??ß??s? t?? pa?ad?s?a??? a????. ?a?at??e?ta?, ep?s??, ??a ?e????asµa ? µ?a e?af???s? t?? ?????? d?a????st???? ??aµµ?? p?? st? pa?e???? ?e?????ta? apa?aß?aste? se p????? te?????????? pe?????? -- ?d?a?te?a st?? ?at??ß????????? ep?st?µe? -- p?? ?p???aµµ??e? t? s?µas?a t?? d?aµes??aß?t???? ep?d?as?? t?? pa?a????p???? a????, ?ts? ?ste ?a ße?t?st?p??????? ta ?f??? ?a? ?a e?a??st?p??????? ?? a???t???? ep?pt?se?? t?? ep?st?µ?????? te???????a?.

2. ? ep?st?µ? ?a? ?? ep?st?µ?????? a??e? ????? ?e????e? ap? p?????? ?? t? ?p??at?stat? t?? pa?ad?s?a??? a????. ?? ep?st?µ?????? ?µ?? a??e? d??at? ?a ?e??????? ?? s?µp????µat???? pa?? ?? ?p??at?stat? t?? pa?ad?s?a??? a????. ? ?e???? ap?d??? t?? ep?st?µ?? ?fe??eta? ?at? µe????a ???? st? µetaf?s??? t?? a?ep???e?a. ?f’ ?? st??µ?? ?µ?? a?t? e??ata?e?f?e?, ? ep?st?µ? ?a ????e? µe d?af??et??? ???t???a ?a? ?a a?t?µet?p?se? p?????e? a?t????se??.

3. Se ?t? af??? st?? a??e? ?a? sta ???a ??µata p?? ?pe?ßa????? t?? d??at?t?te? t?? ep?st?µ?? (? e??a? e?t?? t?? ep?st?µ??), ? ep?st?µ??a? ??e? ?p?????s? ?a seßaste? ta ?a????sµ??a ???a t?? ep?st?µ?? ?a? ?a ap?fe??e? ?a ?µ??e? e? ???µat?? t?? ep?st?µ?? ?ta? ??s?ast??? e?f???e? p??s?p???? a?t????e?? ? ap??e??. ??d???te?a, ?ta? ep?st?µ?????? ?????e? epe?te????ta? p??a ap? t? ???s? t??? st?? ep?st?µ?, ep?ß???eta? seßasµ?? st?? ep?st?µ????? a???e?a ?a? sta ep?st?µ????? ded?µ??a.

4. ?? pa?a????p??e? a??e? e??a? ????µ??e? st?? ap?de??µ??? ?µ???t?ta t?? a???? t?? a????p?? ?a? e??a? p???p???se?? ??a pa???sµ?a ????? ?a? ??a ?a??d???s? t?? ??e??a? ?a? t?? efa?µ???? t?? ep?st?µ?????? ???s?? p??? ?fe??? t?? ???????a?. ????p???t??? t?? e??t?ta t?? p???t?sµ???? s?st?µ?t?? t?? ?a?? ?a? t? s?????s? t??? se ??a ????? s?st?µa a????. ? ?????µe????t?ta t?? a???? p??pe? ?a a?a??t? e??t?ta ?a? ??? ta?t?t?ta a????.

5. ?a??????a µe t?? pa?a????p??e? a??e? ep?ß???eta? ? a?a?????s? t?? s?µp????µat???? a???? t?? a????p?? ßas?sµ??? st?? a?t????? ?t? ?a? st?? s?µe???? ??sµ? t?? p??????µ?? ?d?a?te??t?ta? p????? ap? t?? fa???µe???? s???????µe?e? a??e? e??a? s?µp????µat???? ??e?? ?a? pa??????e? p??se???se?? µ?a? ?e????te??? p?a?µat???t?ta?.

6. ? ?et??? d?e???t?s? t?? p??ß??µ?t?? p?? a?t?µet?p??e? ? a????p?t?ta p???p???te? s?f?a ?a? s??es? ßas?sµ??? st?? ep?st?µ????? ???s? ?a? st?? pa?a????p??e? a??e?. ??ste??, e? p???e?µ???, ?t? de? e??a? d??at?? ??te ?a? ep???µ?t? ?a ep??e????e? ??e???? t?? ep?st?µ?????? ??e??a?, ??at? µ??? se µ?a e?e??e?? ???????a µp??e? ?a d?at????e? ? a?e?a??t?ta t?? ep?st?µ?? ?a? ?a pe?????ste? ? s??te??? t?? p?e???, st?? ?p??a de? a?af?????a se a?t?? t?? ?µ???a.

7. ?e????, e?? ? s?µas?a t?? a???? ?a? t?? ep?st?µ?? st?? e??p???s? t?? ?a?? t?? ??? e??a? ?e???? a?a?????sµ???, ?a? e?? ?????a ?a? pe??ss?te?? a?a??????eta? ?t? p??a ap? t??? d?a????sµ??? pa?aµ??e? ? ?????? a????p?sµ??, ?a s??e??s?e? ?a? ?a a????e? ? aµf?sß?t?s? t?? ?p??tat?? ??s?? t?? a????p?? st? f?s?. ?a ??µata p?? af????? st?? ?????p? a? ?a? ep?fa?e?a?? eµfa?????ta? ?? ap?? ?a? pe?????sµ???? s?µas?a?, s???de???ta? p??????? ap? ??s??d? µetaf?s??? e??t?µata ??a t?? a????p??? ?pa???. St? µ?????, pe??ss?te?? ap? ?t? st? pa?e????, ?? d??????µ?e? ?a? ?? d?af???e? sta ??µata a?t? ?a a??????? ??at? ß??s???ta? ßa??? ????µ??a st?? µetaf?s???? a?t????e?? µa? s?et??? µe t?? ?a?a?t??a t?? a????p?t?ta?, t?? ???sµ? t?? a????p?? ?a? t?? p??s?p??. S’ a?t??? t??? d?s?????? d??µ??? p?? µa? pe??µ?????, p??pe? ?a seßast??µe t?? a???p??pe?a t?? a????p?? ?a? ?a ap?de????µe t? p??s?p? t?? a????p?? ?? t?? ?p??tat? pa?a????p??? a??a, ?? «t? ???st?? t?? e? t? ??sµ?», ?? e????a ?e?µ??f?.

Sa? e??a??st?.